9.1.12 - Inferential statistics

9.1.12 Inferential statistics (List B):; levels of measurement, appropriate choice of statistical test; the criteria for and use of the Wilcoxon, Spearman’s, chi-squared (for difference) tests; directional and non-directional testing; use of critical value tables, one- and two-tailed testing.; levels of significance, including knowledge of standard statistical terminology such as p equal to or greater than (p≤.10 p≤.05 p≤.01); rejecting hypotheses, type I and type II errors, the relationship between significance levels and p values; observed and critical values.

Use - inferential statistics to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because - inferential statistics determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply - inferential statistics to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: - Inferential statistics is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.