9.1.10 - Control issues

9.1.10 Control issues: counterbalancing, randomising, order effects, experimenter/researcher effects, social desirability, demand characteristics, participant variables, situational variables, extraneous variables, confounding variables, operationalisation of variables.

Use - control issues to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because - control issues determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply - control issues to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: - Control issues is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.