14.18—The action of a buffer solution

Understand the action of a buffer solution.

Use —the action of a buffer solution to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —the action of a buffer solution determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —the action of a buffer solution to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —The action of a buffer solution is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.