EduNinjaThe concentration of DDT at different trophic levels of the food chain.
Figure 1: Levels of concentration of DDT in food chain
State the relationship between large and small fish in Figure 1.
Outline how this relationship may be of benefit to the populations of both species.
Figure 2(a): Fact file on London
Figure 9: Annual mean oxides of nitrogen ( \(\mathrm{NO
Figure 3: Climate graph for London
With reference to Figures 2(b) and 3, identify an ecosystem found in London.
Figure 1(c): Ecosystems of Dominica
(Figure 1(c) continued) West
Using Figure 1(c), state one ecosystem found at sea level in Dominica.
Suggest one method that could have been used to estimate the tiger population.
Outline one difficulty that might be encountered in collecting this type of data.
Figure 1(b): Map of Algonquin Provincial Park, Canada
Identify one ecosystem in Algonquin Provincial Park.
State the trophic level of the zebra.
State the type of relationship that exists between biting flies and the zebra.
Figure 1(b): Map showing Swakop River in Namibia
Figure 4(b): Camera trap data for high and low mesquite areas
Figure 5(a): Uranium prices from 1980 to 2013
Outline two reasons why the Swakop river is considered to be ecologically important.
Figure 3(a): Ecological features of Swakop River Valley
Figure 3(c): Fact file on the Swakop water resources
With reference to the data in Figure 4(b), suggest two conclusions which can be drawn from the camera trap data.
The family Leporidae includes hares and rabbits. The figures show four species that can be found in western North America.
Figure 1(a): Four species of the family Leporidae
Figure 1(b): A dichotomous key for species A to D
Figure 1(c): Sagebrush ecosystem without invasive cheatgrass
Figure 1(d): Sagebrush ecosystem with invasive cheatgrass
Use Figures 1(a) and 1(b) to identify Species B and Species C.
The sagebrush ecosystem provides a habitat for pygmy rabbits. Suggest one reason why there might be a greater number of pygmy rabbits in the ecosystem shown in Figure 1(c) than in the ecosystem shown in Figure 1(d).
Describe one method to determine the impact of invasive cheatgrass on sagebrush density.
With reference to Figure 1(b) and Figure 3, identify two ecosystems in the Naivasha area.
Figure 1(b): Detailed map of Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Lake Naivasha is in the tropical grassland biome and is the only freshwater lake in the Rift Valley in Kenya.
It is shallow, with average depth about 6 m; surface area varies from 102 km^2 to 150 km^2 due to irregular rainfall.
Water sources are the Malewa and Gilgil rivers, rain from storms over the nearby Aberdare range, and groundwater flow.
Water leaves by evaporation, transpiration from aquatic vegetation and underground flow.
The lake and shoreline provide habitats including papyrus swamps, freshwater lake/river habitats and Crescent Island; there are no native fish.
With reference to Figure 3, state the names of two non-native species in Lake Naivasha.
Figure 3 species examples include hippo, malachite kingfisher, colobus monkey, African fish eagle, papyrus, tilapia, water hyacinth and crayfish. Non-native species include tilapia, water hyacinth, crayfish and black bass.
Define the term species.
The four species shown in Figure 1 can be found in wetland ecosystems.
Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus)
newt\#/media/File:Kammmolchmaennchen.jpg, by Rainer Theuer]
Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta)
Bithynia (Bithynia tentaculata)
media/File:Bithynia_tentaculata.jpg, by Michal Maňas]
Construct a classification key to identify these animals by entering appropriate contrasting features and the names of the organisms to complete the table below:
State one limitation of using a key to identify organisms.
Avocets, seen in Figure 2, often gather in large populations of up to a few thousand birds before migrating.
Figure 2
Describe a method to estimate the size of an avocet population.
Oystercatchers and avocets both feed on small animals in the mud of the wetlands. State the most likely relationship between these two species.