Topic 1: Foundation

1.1 Perspectives

1.2 Systems

1.3 Sustainability

Topic 2: Ecology

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

2.4 Climate and biomes

2.5 Zonation, succession and change

Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation

3.1 Biodiversity and evolution

3.2 Human impact on biodiversity

3.3 Conservation and regeneration

Topic 4: Water

4.1 Water systems

4.2 Water access, use and security

4.3 Aquatic food production systems

4.4 Water pollution

Topic 5: Land

5.1 Soil

5.2 Agriculture and food

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change

6.1 Introduction to the atmosphere

6.2 Climate change—causes and impacts

6.3 Climate change—mitigation and adaptation

6.3.1—Global action required

6.3.2—Decarbonization

6.3.3—Mitigation strategies

6.3.4—Adaptation strategies

6.3.5—Adaptation plans

6.3.6 (HL)—Response types

6.3.7 (HL)—UN role

6.3.8 (HL)—IPCC emissions scenarios

6.3.9 (HL)—Technology development

6.3.10 (HL)—Climate action barriers

6.3.11 (HL)—Geoengineering

6.3.12 (HL)—Stakeholders and climate perspectives

6.3.13 (HL)—Variation in climate perspectives

6.3.14 (HL)—Climate tragedy of the commons

6.4 Stratospheric ozone

Topic 7: Natural resources

7.1 Natural resources—uses and management

7.2 Energy sources—uses and management

7.3 Solid waste

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

8.1 Human populations

8.2 Urban systems and urban planning

8.3 Urban air pollution

HL.a Environmental law

HL.b Environmental economics

HL.c Environmental ethics

IB ESS HL 6.3.7 (HL)—UN role Question Bank

• UNFCCC, IPCC, COP summits

• Stabilize GHG concentrations

• Kigali Amendment controls HCFCs

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