Topic 1: Foundation

1.1 Perspectives

1.2 Systems

1.3 Sustainability

Topic 2: Ecology

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

2.4 Climate and biomes

2.5 Zonation, succession and change

Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation

3.1 Biodiversity and evolution

3.2 Human impact on biodiversity

3.3 Conservation and regeneration

3.3.1—Preservation justifications

3.3.2—Conservation strategies

3.3.3—Mixed conservation approach

3.3.4—Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

3.3.5—Habitat conservation strategies

3.3.6—Effective conservation factors

3.3.7—Rewilding

3.3.8—Conservation measures

3.3.9—Perspectives and conservation strategy choice

3.3.10 (HL)—Organization success factors

3.3.11 (HL)—Positive feedback in rewilding

3.3.12 (HL)—Rewilding benefits and limitations

3.3.13 (HL)—Assessing conservation success

3.3.14 (HL)—Ecotourism

Topic 4: Water

4.1 Water systems

4.2 Water access, use and security

4.3 Aquatic food production systems

4.4 Water pollution

Topic 5: Land

5.1 Soil

5.2 Agriculture and food

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change

6.1 Introduction to the atmosphere

6.2 Climate change—causes and impacts

6.3 Climate change—mitigation and adaptation

6.4 Stratospheric ozone

Topic 7: Natural resources

7.1 Natural resources—uses and management

7.2 Energy sources—uses and management

7.3 Solid waste

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

8.1 Human populations

8.2 Urban systems and urban planning

8.3 Urban air pollution

HL.a Environmental law

HL.b Environmental economics

HL.c Environmental ethics

IB ESS HL 3.3.10 (HL)—Organization success factors Question Bank

• Media use, speed of response, diplomatic constraints

• Financial resources, political influence

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