Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter

1.1 Introduction to the particulate nature of matter

1.2 The nuclear atom

1.3 Electron configurations

1.4 The mole

1.5 Ideal gases

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure

2.1 The ionic model

2.2 The covalent model

2.3 The metallic model

2.4 From models to materials

Structure 3. Classification of matter

3.1 The periodic table

3.2 Functional groups: Organic compounds

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?

1.1 Measuring enthalpy changes

1.2 Energy cycles

1.3 Energy from fuels

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?

2.1 Amount of chemical change

2.2 Rate of chemical change

2.3 Extent of chemical change

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?

3.1 Proton transfer reactions

3.2 Electron transfer reactions

3.3 Electron sharing reactions (Radicals)

3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions

3.4.1—Nucleophiles

3.4.2—Nucleophilic substitution

3.4.3—Heterolytic fission

3.4.4—Electrophiles

3.4.5—Electrophilic addition to alkenes

3.4.6—Lewis acid-base theory

3.4.7—Coordination bond formation

3.4.8—Complex ions

IB Chemistry HL 3.4.12 (HL)—Carbocation stability Question Bank

• Unsymmetrical alkenes + HX or H₂O

• Major product from more stable carbocation

• Predict and explain major products from carbocation stability

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