Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter

1.1 Introduction to the particulate nature of matter

1.2 The nuclear atom

1.3 Electron configurations

1.4 The mole

1.5 Ideal gases

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure

2.1 The ionic model

2.2 The covalent model

2.3 The metallic model

2.4 From models to materials

Structure 3. Classification of matter

3.1 The periodic table

3.2 Functional groups: Organic compounds

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?

1.1 Measuring enthalpy changes

1.2 Energy cycles

1.3 Energy from fuels

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?

2.1 Amount of chemical change

2.2 Rate of chemical change

2.3 Extent of chemical change

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?

3.1 Proton transfer reactions

3.2 Electron transfer reactions

3.3 Electron sharing reactions (Radicals)

3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions

IB Chemistry HL 1.5 Ideal gases Question Bank

[Maximum number: 5]

Nitrogen monoxide, NO(g), is produced in internal combustion and jet engines.

(a)

Calculate the amount, in moles, of NO in $1.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ of engine exhaust gas which contains 0.10 % NO by volume at $200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $1.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ .

Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.

[ 3 ]

(b)

Outline why NO deviates more than nitrogen, $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ , from the ideal gas model.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

A powder has the following percentage composition by mass:
30.0 % sucrose, $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}$
45.0 % citric acid, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{7}$
25.0 \% sodium hydrogencarbonate, $\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$

In the presence of water, the powder effervesces as the citric acid reacts with the sodium hydrogencarbonate:

$3 \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(\mathrm{~s})+\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{7}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{3}\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{7}\right)(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})$

(a)

(i)

Determine the volume, in $\mathrm{dm}^{3}$ at SATP, of carbon dioxide released in the reaction in (a)(i). Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 4]

Alkanes are commonly occurring organic compounds.

(a)

The first four straight chain alkanes are gases at room temperature.

Boiling points of straight chain alkanes

[ 4 ]

(i)

Calculate the volume, in $\mathrm{dm}^{3}$ , occupied by 6.45 g of propane gas at 100 kPa and $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

[ 2 ]

(ii)

Outline why the volume occupied by propane(g) at very high pressure is higher than the value calculated using PV=nRT.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

An organic compound, A, has the following composition by mass when its only combustion products, carbon dioxide and water, are analysed.

(a)

A sample of the vapour of A at $200.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ , and $1.00 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ , has a density of $2.544 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}$ . Determine the molar mass and the molecular formula of A.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 3]

Analytical and spectroscopic techniques enable chemists to identify and determine structures of compounds.

(a)

0.363 g of organic liquid Y was vaporized completely at $95.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and 100.0 kPa . The gas volume was measured to be $81.0 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}$ . Determine the molar mass of Y.

[ 3 ]

Which graph shows the relationship between the volume and pressure of a fixed mass of an ideal gas?

Which graph represents the relationship between volume and pressure for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature?

[Maximum number: 1]

What is the pressure, in Pa , inside a $1.0 \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ cylinder containing 10 kg of $\mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})$ at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ? $R=8.31 \mathrm{JK}^{-1} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1} ; p V=n R T$

$\frac{1 \times 10^{4} \times 8.31 \times 25}{1.0 \times 10^{3}}$

$\frac{5 \times 10^{2} \times 8.31 \times 298}{1.0}$

$\frac{1 \times 8.31 \times 25}{1.0 \times 10^{3}}$

$\frac{5 \times 10^{3} \times 8.31 \times 298}{1.0}$

[Maximum number: 1]

What is the molar mass of a gas according to the following experimental data?

Ideal gas constant $=8.31 \mathrm{~J} \mathrm{~K}^{-1} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$
PV=nRT

$\frac{40.0 \times 8.31 \times 290}{98 \times 0.220}$

$\frac{98 \times 0.220}{40.0 \times 8.31 \times 290}$

$\frac{40.0 \times 8.31 \times 17}{98 \times 0.220}$

$\frac{98 \times 220}{40.0 \times 8.31 \times 17}$

[Maximum number: 1]

What is the pressure, in Pa , inside a $3.0 \mathrm{dm}^{3}$ cylinder containing 64 g of $\mathrm{O}_{2}$ at $25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ? $R=8.31 \mathrm{JK}^{-1} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1} ; P V=n R T$

$\frac{2 \times 8.31 \times 25}{3.0}$

$\frac{2 \times 8.31 \times 298}{3.0 \times 10^{-3}}$

$\frac{2 \times 8.31 \times 298}{3.0}$

$\frac{4 \times 8.31 \times 298}{3.0 \times 10^{-3}}$

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