EduNinja

EduNinja

7. The price system and the microeconomy

7.2 Indifference curves and budget lines

7.3 Efficiency and market failure

7.4 Private costs and benefits, externalities and social costs and benefits

7.5 Types of cost, revenue and profit, short-run and long-run production

7.6 Different market structures

7.7 Growth and survival of firms

7.8 Differing objectives and policies of firms

8. Government microeconomic intervention

8.1 Government policies to achieve efficient resource allocation and correct market failure

8.2 Equity and redistribution of income and wealth

8.3 Labour market forces and government intervention

9. The macroeconomy

9.1 The circular flow of income

9.2 Economic growth and sustainability

9.3 Employment/unemployment

9.4 Money and banking

10. Government macroeconomic intervention

10.1 Government macroeconomic policy objectives

10.2 Links between macroeconomic problems and their interrelatedness

10.3 Effectiveness of policy options to meet all macroeconomic objectives

11. International economic issues

11.1 Policies to correct disequilibrium in the balance of payments

11.2 Exchange rates

11.2.1—Exchange rate measures

11.2.2—Fixed/managed exchange rates

11.2.3—Revaluation vs devaluation

11.2.4—Exchange rate system changes

11.2.5—Marshall-Lerner and J-curve

11.3 Economic development

11.4 Characteristics of countries at different levels of development

11.5 Relationship between countries at different levels of development

11.6 Globalisation

A-Level CAIE Economics A2 11.2.1—Exchange rate measures Question Bank

11.2.1—Exchange rate measures

• Measurement of exchange rates:

- distinction between nominal and real exchange rates

- trade-weighted exchange rates

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