EduNinja

EduNinja

6. Business and its environment

6.1 External influences on business activity

6.2 Business strategy

7. Human resource management

7.1 Organisational structure

7.2 Business communication

7.4 Human resource management (HRM) strategy

8. Marketing

8.1 Marketing analysis

8.2 Marketing strategy

9. Operations management

9.1 Location and scale

9.2 Quality management

9.3 Operations strategy

10. Finance and accounting

10.1 Financial statements

10.2 Analysis of published accounts

10.2.1—Liquidity ratios

Formula reference—Liquidity ratios

10.2.2—Profitability ratios

Formula reference—Profitability ratios

10.2.3—Financial efficiency ratios

Formula reference—Financial efficiency ratios

10.2.4—Gearing ratio

Formula reference—Gearing ratio

10.2.5—Investment ratios

Formula reference—Investment ratios

10.3 Investment appraisal

10.4 Finance and accounting strategy

A-Level CAIE Business A2 Formula reference—Gearing ratio Question Bank

Formula reference—Gearing ratio

• Gearing ratio formula

- gearing = non-current liabilities / capital employed x 100

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