Edexcel IGCSE Economics 2.1.1.b low and stable inflation
Practise inflation questions by defining price-level changes and applying menu costs, shoe leather costs or interest-rate effects.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2019
- Course
- Economics 4EC1
Practise inflation questions by defining price-level changes and applying menu costs, shoe leather costs or interest-rate effects.
With reference to the data above and your knowledge of economics, analyse the possible impact of rising inflation on shoe leather costs for consumers in the UK.
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth in France is forecast to remain low over the next two years. Consumer spending is expected to improve as inflation reduces. However, a weak outlook for the German economy, France's main trade partner, and low growth in China are expected to limit any increases in growth.
As a result, unemployment levels are expected to remain high. The interest rate in France (as set by the European Central Bank) was 4.5% in December 2023, but may change in the future.

Figure 4
Indicative content
Mark
3(d)
AO2 (3 marks)/AO3 (3 marks)
- Rising inflation reduces the purchasing power of consumers
- As prices increase, consumers are likely to spend more time shopping around for better deals and discounts to stretch their budgets
- This involves visiting multiple stores or browsing various online retailers thereby increasing shoe leather costs
- With inflation rising to 4% in December 2023, consumers may find themselves making more frequent trips to banks
- The effect of rising inflation on shoe leather costs is particularly significant for low-income consumers
- These individuals may not have easy access to banking
- This makes them more vulnerable to the negative impacts of inflation and significantly increases shoe leather costs for consumers
(6)
Level
Mark
Descriptor
0
No rewardable material.
Level 1
1-2
- Demonstrates basic knowledge and understanding by developing relevant points. Limited application of economic terms, concepts, theories and calculations (AO2).
- Information presented will lack selectivity and organisation. Interpretation of economic information will be limited, with a lack of analysis of issues (AO3).
Level 2
3-4
- Demonstrates partial knowledge and understanding by developing relevant points. Partial application of economic terms, concepts, theories and calculations (AO2).
- Information presented will demonstrate some selectivity and organisation. Interpretation of economic information will be good, with some analysis of issues (AO3).
Level 3
5-6
- Demonstrates clear knowledge and understanding by developing relevant points. Appropriate application of economic terms, concepts, theories and calculations (AO2).
- Information presented will demonstrate excellent selectivity and organisation. Interpretation of economic information will be excellent, with a thorough analysis of issues (AO3).