5 - Business operations
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5.1 Economies and diseconomies of scale
Economies of scale: • internal (falling average total costs as output increases) • external (falling average total costs due to external factors).
Diseconomies of scale: • limits of growth.
5.2 Production
5.2.1Production processes
Production processes: • different types: - job - batch - flow • labour and capital intensive production • the impact of different types of production • calculation of productivity and the impact of productivity improvements.
5.2.2Principles of lean production
Principles of lean production: • just-in-time (JIT) • Kaizen • the importance of using resources effectively.
5.2.3Impact of technology in production
Impact of technology in production: • use of robotics • balancing cost, productivity, quality and flexibility.
5.3 Factors of production
Changing relationships between enterprise, capital, land, and labour: • difference between capital-intensive and labour-intensive activities.
5.4 Quality
The concept of quality and its importance in: • the production of goods and the provision of services: - quality control - total quality management (TQM) • allowing a business to gain a competitive advantage.