4. Geometry
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C4.1 Geometrical terms
• 3 Use and interpret the vocabulary of a circle. Simple solids: • cube • cuboid • prism • cylinder • pyramid • cone • sphere (term ‘hemisphere’ not required) • face • surface • edge. Includes the following terms: • centre • radius (plural radii) • diameter • circumference • semicircle • chord • tangent • arc • sector • segment.
C4.2 Geometrical constructions
• Measure and draw lines and angles using a ruler for every straight edge; perpendicular- and angle-bisector constructions are not required.
• Construct a triangle from the lengths of all three sides using only a ruler and compasses; construction arcs must be shown.
• Draw, use and interpret nets of cubes, cuboids, prisms and pyramids, including using measurements from nets to calculate volumes and surface areas.
C4.3 Scale drawings
• Draw and interpret scale drawings.
• Use and interpret three-figure bearings. A ruler must be used for all straight edges. Bearings are measured clockwise from north (000° to 360°). e.g. find the bearing of A from B if the bearing of B from A is 025°. Includes an understanding of the terms north, east, south and west. e.g. point D is due east of point C.
C4.4 Similarity
• Calculate lengths of similar shapes.
C4.5 Symmetry
• Recognise line symmetry and order of rotational symmetry in two dimensions. Includes properties of triangles, quadrilaterals and polygons directly related to their symmetries.
C4.6 Angles
C4.6.1Angles at points and in polygons
• Calculate unknown angles and give simple explanations using angles at a point, angles on a straight line, vertically opposite angles, and angle sums of triangles and quadrilaterals.
C4.6.2Angles in parallel lines
• Calculate unknown angles and explain corresponding, alternate and co-interior angle relationships in parallel lines.
C4.6.3Regular polygon angles
• Know and use interior and exterior angle properties and angle sums of regular polygons.
C4.7 Circle theorems
• Calculate unknown angles and give explanations using the following geometrical properties of circles: • angle in a semicircle = 90° • angle between tangent and radius = 90°. Candidates will be expected to use the geometrical properties listed in the syllabus when giving reasons for answers.