IB Psychology HL 1.1.1 Bias Questions

Refer to the paper 1 section B assessment criteria when awarding marks.
The command term "discuss" requires candidates to offer a considered and balanced review of two errors in attribution.

Appropriate attribution errors may include, but are not limited to:
- fundamental attribution error
- defensive attribution bias
- illusory correlation
- self-serving bias
- modesty bias
- in-group bias
- the halo effect
- actor-observer bias

Responses may refer to studies such as, but not limited to:
- Ross et al. (1977), Jones and Harris (1967) on the fundamental attribution error
- Jellison and Green (1981), Miller (1984), Cousins (1989) on the cultural differences in the fundamental attribution error
- Myers and Bach (1976), Gilovich (1983), Miller and Ross (1975) on the self-serving bias
- Kashima and Triandis (1986), Chandler et al. (1990), Bond et al. (1982) on the cultural differences in the self-serving bias and modesty bias
- Walster (1966) on the defensive attribution bias.

Discussion may address issues such as, but not limited to:
- the context in which these errors appear
- the reasons for their occurrence
- the cultural differences in the expression of these errors
- the degree of empirical support.

If a candidate discusses more than two errors in attribution, credit should be given only to the first two errors.

If a candidate discusses only one error in attribution, the response should be awarded up to a maximum of [5 marks] for criterion A, knowledge and comprehension, up to a maximum of [4 marks] for criterion B, critical thinking, and up to a maximum of [2 marks] for criterion C, organization.