3.4.4—Schema theory

A schema is an organised framework built from prior experience that guides attention, interpretation and recall. It helps a person fill gaps and act quickly, but can also introduce consistent distortions.

Ambiguous or incomplete information is especially vulnerable to schema-driven reconstruction. New details may be assimilated to the existing framework, while surprising details can force revision or be remembered less reliably.

After visiting a hospital, a person may recall expected medical equipment that was not present. The insertion reveals a reconstruction mechanism; it does not show that every memory detail is invented.

A schema is not always a conscious stereotype and schema influence is not proof of lying. Specify the prior framework, task and evidence for its effect.