Learning objective
3.1.1—Biodiversity levels
• Total diversity of living systems • Habitat diversity, species diversity, genetic diversity
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Course review
3.1 Biodiversity and evolution
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Learning objective
3.1.2—Diversity and resilience
• Components of diversity contribute to ecological system resilience
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Learning objective
3.1.3—Biodiversity from evolution
• Cumulative change in heritable characteristics
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Learning objective
3.1.4—Natural selection
• Mechanism driving evolutionary change • Operates continuously over billions of years
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Learning objective
3.1.5—Natural selection process
• Variation, overproduction, competition for limited resources • Differences in adaptation affect survival and reproduction rates • Heritable variation → increased frequency of advantageous genes
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Learning objective
3.1.6—Speciation
• Generation of new species through evolution • Population isolation → adaptation → inability to interbreed
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Learning objective
3.1.7—Species diversity components
• Richness: number of species in community • Evenness: similarity of population sizes
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Learning objective
3.1.8—Simpson's reciprocal index
• Quantitative measure of species diversity • Allows ecosystem comparison and monitoring change over time
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Learning objective
3.1.9—Biodiversity knowledge for conservation
• Knowledge of global and regional biodiversity is needed for the development of effective management strategies to conserve biodiversity • Include: how knowledge of biodiversity is gathered in the local region • This is likely to involve citizen science and the work of voluntary and government-funded agencies • The training of indigenous people and others, such as parabiologists, is also used to gather information for use in conservation management
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