Course review

2.5 Zonation, succession and change

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Learning objective

2.5.1—Zonation definition

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• Changes in community along environmental gradient • Factors: elevation, latitude, tidal level, soil, distance from water

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Learning objective

2.5.2—Transect use

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• Measure biotic and abiotic factors along gradient • Determine variables affecting species distribution

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Learning objective

2.5.3—Succession definition

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• Replacement of one community by another over time • Due to biotic and abiotic variable changes • Zonation: spatial; succession: temporal

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Learning objective

2.5.4—Seral communities

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• Each sere changes conditions for next community • Competition until stable climax community reached • Example: mosses → soil formation → larger plants

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Learning objective

2.5.5—Primary succession

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• On newly formed substratum without soil • Examples: volcanic rock, retreating glaciers, wind-blown sand

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Learning objective

2.5.6—Secondary succession

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• On bare soil with pre-existing community • Examples: abandoned agriculture, post-fire forest

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Learning objective

2.5.7—Succession changes over time

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• Energy flow, productivity, species diversity, soil depth, nutrient cycling

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Learning objective

2.5.8—Ecosystem disturbance tolerance

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• Depends on diversity and resilience • Succession increases diversity → resilience and stability

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