Course review

3.6 Demand management - fiscal policy

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Learning objective

3.6.1—Fiscal policy

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• Fiscal policy uses government revenue and expenditure • Revenue sources include direct taxes, indirect taxes, state-owned enterprise sales, and sale of government assets • Expenditure includes current spending, capital spending, and transfer payments

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Learning objective

3.6.2—Fiscal policy goals

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• Goals include low stable inflation, low unemployment, long-term growth conditions, reduced business cycle fluctuations, equity in income distribution, and external balance

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Learning objective

3.6.3—Expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy

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• Expansionary fiscal policy can close deflationary or recessionary gaps • Contractionary fiscal policy can close inflationary gaps • Diagram: AD/AS showing expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy in Keynesian and monetarist/new classical models

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Learning objective

3.6.5—Effectiveness of fiscal policy

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• Constraints include political pressure, time lags, and sustainable debt • Strengths include targeting specific sectors and effective government spending in deep recessions • Evaluation considers effects on growth, unemployment, and price stability

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