• Poverty traps are self-reinforcing conditions that keep people or economies poor
• Diagram: poverty cycle showing linked factors perpetuating poverty
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Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
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Learning objective
4.9.2—Economic barriers to growth and development
New
• Barriers include rising inequality, weak infrastructure, inappropriate technology, low human capital, and dependence on primary production
• Other barriers include lack of market access, informal economy, capital flight, indebtedness, landlocked geography, tropical climates, and endemic diseases
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Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
3
Learning objective
4.9.3—Political and social barriers
New
• Weak institutions include legal system weaknesses, ineffective taxation, weak banking systems, and insecure property rights
• Other barriers include gender inequality, corruption, lack of good governance, and unequal political power and status
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Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
4
Learning objective
4.9.4—Significance of barriers
New
• Different barriers have different importance depending on country context
• Evaluation should consider how barriers interact and reinforce one another
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Mistakes
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.