Course review
Review each learning objective in this topic, then open its concept explanation or question set.
Learning objective
• Reactive metals, non-metals, organic compounds + O₂ • Deduce complete combustion equations for hydrocarbons and alcohols
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Learning objective
• Produces CO and C • Deduce incomplete combustion equations for hydrocarbons and alcohols
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Learning objective
• Coal, crude oil, natural gas • CO₂ emissions and greenhouse effect • Compare fuels by carbon dioxide released and energy output
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Learning objective
• From biological carbon fixation (photosynthesis) • Renewable vs. non-renewable • Consider advantages and disadvantages of biofuels compared with fossil fuels
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Learning objective
• Convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy • Half-equations for electrode reactions • Include hydrogen and methanol fuel cells; PEM details are not assessed
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Learning objective
• Measure of dispersal of matter/energy • More energy distributions = higher entropy • Order: Sgas > Sliquid > Ssolid • Calculate ΔS⦵ from S⦵ values
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Learning objective
• ΔG⦵ = ΔH⦵ − TΔS⦵ • Relates energy from reaction to ΔH, ΔS, T
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Learning objective
• Spontaneous when ΔG < 0 • Temperature at which reaction becomes spontaneous • Interpret signs of ΔG from thermodynamic data
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Learning objective
• At equilibrium: ΔG = 0 • ΔG = ΔG⦵ + RT ln Q • ΔG⦵ = −RT ln K • Link ΔG, Q, and K to reaction direction and equilibrium position
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.