Course review

1.2 Energy cycles

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Learning objective

1.2.1—Bond energies

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• Bond-breaking absorbs energy • Bond-forming releases energy • Calculate enthalpy change from average bond enthalpies

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Learning objective

1.2.2—Hess's law

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• Enthalpy change independent of pathway • Apply Hess's law to multistep reaction cycles

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Learning objective

1.2.3 (HL)—Standard enthalpy changes

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• Combustion: ΔHc⦵ • Formation: ΔHf⦵ • Deduce equations and solve problems using standard enthalpy data

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Learning objective

1.2.4 (HL)—Hess's law applications

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• ΔH⦵ = ΣΔHf⦵(products) − ΣΔHf⦵(reactants) • ΔH⦵ = ΣΔHc⦵(reactants) − ΣΔHc⦵(products)

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Learning objective

1.2.5 (HL)—Born-Haber cycle

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• Energy changes in ionic compound formation • Univalent and divalent ions • Interpret and determine cycle values; include lattice enthalpy and electron affinity terms

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