Course review

D1.1 DNA replication

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Learning objective

D1.1.1—DNA replication

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• Produces exact DNA copies before cell division • Maintains genetic continuity for reproduction, growth, and tissue replacement

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D1.1.2—Semi-conservative replication

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• Each new DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand • Complementary base pairing gives accurate copying; Meselson-Stahl isotope evidence supports the model

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Learning objective

D1.1.3—Role of helicase and DNA polymerase

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• Helicase unwinds DNA and breaks hydrogen bonds between strands • DNA polymerase joins complementary nucleotides to build new strands

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D1.1.4—PCR and gel electrophoresis

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• PCR amplifies selected DNA using primers, temperature cycles, and Taq polymerase • Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size and charge

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D1.1.5—Applications

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• PCR and gel electrophoresis support DNA profiling • Applications include forensic identification and paternity testing

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