What you’ll learn10 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.16.4.1Male reproductive system parts• Identify on diagrams and state the functions of the following parts of the male reproductive system: testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, urethra and penisSyllabus objective16.4.2Female reproductive system parts• Identify on diagrams and state the functions of the following parts of the female reproductive system: ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vaginaSyllabus objective16.4.3Fertilisation as the fusion• Describe fertilisation as the fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg cell)Syllabus objective16.4.4Adaptive features of sperm• Explain the adaptive features of sperm, limited to: flagellum, mitochondria and enzymes in the acrosomeSyllabus objective16.4.5Adaptive features of egg cells• Explain the adaptive features of egg cells, limited to: energy stores and the jelly coat that changes at fertilisationSyllabus objective16.4.6Male and female gametes in terms• Compare male and female gametes in terms of: size, structure, motility and numbersSyllabus objective16.4.7In early development, the zygote forms• State that in early development, the zygote forms an embryo which is a ball of cells that implants into the lining of the uterusSyllabus objective16.4.8Fetus development structures• Identify on diagrams and state the functions of the following in the development of the fetus: umbilical cord, placenta, amniotic sac and amniotic fluidSyllabus objective16.4.9Function of the placenta and umbilical• Describe the function of the placenta and umbilical cord in relation to the exchange of dissolved nutrients, gases and excretory products between the blood of the mother and the blood of the fetusSyllabus objective16.4.10Some pathogens and toxins can pass• State that some pathogens and toxins can pass across the placenta and affect the fetusSyllabus objective