What you’ll learn7 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.8.3.1Urban air pollutants• NOx, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter• PM2.5 (≤2.5 µm), PM10 (≤10 µm)Syllabus objective8.3.2Primary pollutant sources• Natural: forest fires, dust, volcanic eruptions• Anthropogenic: burning for clearance, fossil fuels, construction dustSyllabus objective8.3.3Fossil fuel combustion• Most common urban air pollutants• Primary: PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO₂• Secondary: tropospheric ozoneSyllabus objective8.3.4Management strategies• Public transportation, cycling infrastructure, trees• Green walls, catalytic converters, pedestrianized areasSyllabus objective8.3.5Acid rain formation• NOx + SO₂ react with water and oxygen• Produces nitric and sulfuric acidSyllabus objective8.3.6Acid rain impacts• Terrestrial: soil leaching, toxification, foliage damage• Freshwater: toxicity, impacts on fish/invertebrates• Buildings: corrosion of marble, limestone, steel• Human health: tissue damage, lung inflammationSyllabus objective8.3.7Acid rain management• Alter human activity (alternative energy)• Control at release (scrubbers, catalytic converters)• Restore damaged systems (healthcare, lake treatment)Syllabus objective