What you’ll learn12 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.—HL.a.1—Laws definition• Rules governing human behaviour• Enforced by social or governmental authoritySyllabus objective—HL.a.2—Environmental law• Rules on natural resource use and impact• Aims: improve social and ecological sustainability• Covers: resource management, pollution, biodiversity, development projectsSyllabus objective—HL.a.3—Environmental justice and lobbying• Can address environmental justice• Difficult to approve due to lobbying• Prevent overexploitation for short-term minority interestsSyllabus objective—HL.a.4—Environmental law frameworks• Built into existing legal frameworks• Success varies by country• Requires: enforcement, social acceptance, adequate fundingSyllabus objective—HL.a.5—Environmental constitutionalism• Environmental rights/obligations in constitution• Growing internationally• Addresses climate change issuesSyllabus objective—HL.a.6—Environmental law levels• Local, national, international• Higher levels supersede lower levels• Examples at each scaleSyllabus objective—HL.a.7—International law framework• Addresses transboundary issues• Pollution and resource management• Examples: ASEAN Haze Pollution, FAO fishing planSyllabus objective—HL.a.8—UN conventions and protocols• Legally binding to signatories• Challenging and slow to develop• Examples: Montreal Protocol, Kyoto Protocol, Paris AgreementSyllabus objective—HL.a.9—International institutions• Generated by international agreements• Aid implementation• Examples: CITES, IUCNSyllabus objective—HL.a.10—International courts and tribunals• Apply international environmental law• Examples: International Court of Justice, Law of the Sea Tribunal• Challenge: evaluating compensation for infringementsSyllabus objective—HL.a.11—Legal personhood for nature• Granting to natural entities• Strengthens environmental protection• Links to indigenous knowledge systemsSyllabus objective—HL.a.12—Legal and economic strategies• Both play role in sustainable use• Integration provides best outcomesSyllabus objective
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