What you’ll learn8 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.3.1.1Brønsted-Lowry theory• Acid = proton donor• Base = proton acceptor• Deduce acid and base in a reaction; distinguish base and alkaliSyllabus objective3.1.2Conjugate acid-base pairs• Differ by one proton• Deduce conjugate acid/base formulasSyllabus objective3.1.3Amphiprotic species• Can act as both acid and base• Write equations showing acid and base behaviourSyllabus objective3.1.4pH scale• pH = −log₁₀[H⁺]• [H⁺] = 10⁻ᵖᴴ• Calculate pH and [H+]; include universal indicator and pH probe useSyllabus objective3.1.5Ion product of water (Kw)• Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻]• Acidic: [H⁺] > [OH⁻]• Neutral: [H⁺] = [OH⁻]• Basic: [H⁺] < [OH⁻]• Recognize acidic, neutral, and basic solutions from [H+] and [OH-]Syllabus objective3.1.6Strong vs. weak acids/bases• Differ in extent of ionization• Equilibrium favors weaker conjugate• Distinguish strong/weak from concentrated/diluteSyllabus objective3.1.7Neutralization reactions• Acid + metal oxide/hydroxide/carbonate/hydrogencarbonate• Formulate equations and identify parent acids/bases of saltsSyllabus objective3.1.8pH curves• Strong acid-strong base titrations• Characteristic shapes• Sketch and interpret intercept and equivalence point for monoprotic titrationsSyllabus objective