What you’ll learn10 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.28.2.1Ligand reactions forming complexes• Describe/explain: the reactions of transition elements with ligands to form complexes, incl. complexes of copper(II) and cobalt(II) ions with water and ammonia molecules and hydroxide and chloride ionsSyllabus objective28.2.2Terms: ligand as a species that contains• Define: ligand as a species that contains a lone pair of electrons that forms a dative covalent bond to a central metal atom / ionSyllabus objective28.2.3Terms• Use terms:: (a) monodentate ligand e.g. H2O, NH3, Cl – and CN–; (b) bidentate ligand e.g. 1,2-diaminoethane, en, H2NCH2CH2NH2, and the ethanedioate ion, C2O4; 2–; (c) polydentate ligand including as an example EDTA4–Syllabus objective28.2.4Complex ions• Define: complex as a molecule or ion formed by a central metal atom / ion surrounded by one or more ligandsSyllabus objective28.2.5Shapes of transition metal complexes• Describe the geometry (shape and bond angles) of transition element complexes which are linear, square planar, tetrahedral or octahedralSyllabus objective28.2.6Coordination number and complex formula• The ligand and its coordination number or geometry: (a) state what is meant by coordination number; (b) predict the formula and charge of a complex ion, given the metal ion, its charge or oxidation state,Syllabus objective28.2.7Ligand exchange reactions• Explain qualitatively that ligand exchange can occur, incl. complexes of copper( II) ions and cobalt(II) ions with water and ammonia molecules and hydroxide and chloride ionsSyllabus objective28.2.8Predict, using E• Predict, using E ⦵ values, the feasibility of redox reactions involving transition elements and their ionsSyllabus objective28.2.9Transition metal redox calculations• Describe the reactions of, and perform calculations involving:: (a) MnO 4 – / C2O4; 2– in acid solution given suitable data; (b) MnO 4 – / Fe2+ in acid solution given suitable data; (c) Cu 2+ / I– given suitable dataSyllabus objective28.2.10Calculations: other redox systems• Calculate: other redox systems given suitable dataSyllabus objective