11.4—Experiments that can be used to investigate reaction rates by: i an initial-rate method, carrying out separate experiments

Understand experiments that can be used to investigate reaction rates by: i an initial-rate method, carrying out separate experiments where different initial concentrations of one reagent are used A ‘clock reaction’ is an acceptable approximation of this method. ii a continuous monitoring method to generate data to enable concentration-time or volume-time graphs to be plotted.

Use —experiments that can be used to investigate reaction rates by: i an initial-rate method, carrying out separate experiments to connect the rule to the data and decision in the question.

This matters because —experiments that can be used to investigate reaction rates by: i an initial-rate method, carrying out separate experiments determines what can be inferred or chosen; begin with the stated conditions and keep the conclusion tied to the evidence.

Example: apply —experiments that can be used to investigate reaction rates by: i an initial-rate method, carrying out separate experiments to one small, clearly defined case, show the key step or comparison, and explain the result in words.

Boundary: —Experiments that can be used to investigate reaction rates by: i an initial-rate method, carrying out separate experiments is not a universal recommendation. Check the syllabus scope, assumptions, units and the limits of the evidence before generalising.